Boiling is the easiest,simplest and the best way to make water drinkable .Water should be boiled for about 10-15 minutes to kill all germs. But boiling does not mean to put fire immediately after it starts boiling .It should be boiled properly .Even bacteria water to lukewarm and drinking can be dangerous to health because some bacteria multiply and grow at faster rate at slightly higher temperature .
The boiled water should be cooled and kept in a clean pot.We should use clean glass or jar while drinking such water.
2.FILTERING
Water can be made drinkable by using water filter.The water filter can be of two types -commercial filter and sand filter.
a. COMMERCIAL FILTER
The commercial filter consists of two containers made of steel or copper .One or two filter candles are fixed to the upper container whereas a tap is connected to the lower container .When water is kept in the upper container , it gets filtered slowly through the filter candles and the filtered clean water is collected in the lower container. Tiny sand particles , mud and germs cannot pass through the candles and remain in the upper container . So , only the clean water drops down in the lower container .You can get clean and safe drinking water by opening the tap of filter.
The boiled water should be cooled and kept in a clean pot.We should use clean glass or jar while drinking such water.
2.FILTERING
Water can be made drinkable by using water filter.The water filter can be of two types -commercial filter and sand filter.
a. COMMERCIAL FILTER
The commercial filter consists of two containers made of steel or copper .One or two filter candles are fixed to the upper container whereas a tap is connected to the lower container .When water is kept in the upper container , it gets filtered slowly through the filter candles and the filtered clean water is collected in the lower container. Tiny sand particles , mud and germs cannot pass through the candles and remain in the upper container . So , only the clean water drops down in the lower container .You can get clean and safe drinking water by opening the tap of filter.
b.SAND AND GRAVEL FILTER
This system consist of four container.An empty container with a tap fixed to it is place at the bottom.A second container with small holes at bottom is half filled with pebbles or gravel and is placed on the top of the first container. The third container half filled with sand is placed on the top of the second one .The third container also consists of holes on the bottom .The fourth container is placed on the top of third one . The water to be filtered is place in this container .When water flows down the holes of fourth container,it gets filtered by the layers of sand and gravel and is collected in the first container.
This type of filter system removes the suspended impurities like mud, sand particles , eggs of insects , dust particles etc. It cannot remove germs from the water .So, water filtered through this system should be boiled before drinking.
c.CHLORINATION
The process of making water drinkable by mixing small amount of chlorine solution with the drinking water is called chlorination. The chlorine solution can be purchased from the market which is available in different brand names. In this method fixed amount (drops or contain milliliter) of chlorine is mixed with certain litres for half an hour .The germs present in the water are killed by chlorine and then the water becomes fit for drinking.
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